Monitoring environmental indicators of vector-borne disease from space: a new opportunity for RADARSAT-2
نویسندگان
چکیده
Environmental vector-borne diseases are plaguing much of the world and are a serious concern on a global scale. Many of these diseases are clearly associated with specific environmental conditions and landscape variables. The science and technology associated with remote sensing and geographic information systems (GIS) are suitable for identifying these environmental targets. Since vector-borne diseases are most often found in tropical environments and during rainy seasons with persistent cloud cover conditions, radar is an important sensor for monitoring and mapping the environmental indicators of disease. Preliminary investigations using RADARSAT-1 C-band horizontal transmit, horizontal receive (C-HH) imagery have proven especially useful for identifying wetland habitats and flooded areas. It is anticipated that the advancements associated with upcoming RADARSAT-2 sensors will improve the science of mapping vector-borne disease risk in tropical areas, particularly with access to increased spatial and temporal resolution and fully polarimetric data. This paper discusses the concept of using radar remote sensing for epidemiology applications, results using RADARSAT-1 for malaria risk mapping in coastal Kenya, and expected results with the advanced capabilities of RADARSAT-2. Résumé. Les maladies à vecteur liées à des facteurs environnementaux affectent la plus grande partie de la planète et constituent une source d’inquiétude importante à l’échelle du globe. Plusieurs de ces maladies sont clairement associées à des conditions environnementales et des variables du paysage spécifiques. La science et la technologie associées à la télédétection et aux systèmes d’information géographique (SIG) nous permettent d’identifier ces cibles environnementales. Comme les maladies à vecteur se retrouvent le plus souvent dans les environnements tropicaux et durant les saisons des pluies dans des conditions de couvert nuageux persistant, le radar est un capteur important pour le suivi et la cartographie des indicateurs environnementaux de la maladie. Des recherches préliminaires utilisant des images C-HH de RADARSAT-1 se sont avérées particulièrement utiles pour l’identification des habitats en milieux humides et des zones inondées. Il est anticipé que les capacités accrues du capteur RADARSAT-2 à venir feront progresser la science de la cartographie des risques de maladies à vecteur dans les zones tropicales, en particulier grâce à la plus grande résolution spatiale et temporelle proposée et à l’accès aux données polarimétriques. Cet article aborde le concept de l’utilisation de la télédétection radar dans le contexte des applications épidémiologiques, de même que les résultats de l’utilisation de RADARSAT-1 pour la cartographie des risques de malaria dans les zones côtières au Kenya et les résultats attendus des capacités améliorées de RADARSAT-2. [Traduit par la Rédaction]
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